Methods of Training the Manindriya in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta: Manindriya Training

The method of contemplative practice taught by the World-Honored One in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta is precisely the method for training the mind (manas). First, regarding the observation of breathing, the World-Honored One instructed disciples to observe reality as it is: observe the present state of the breath just as it manifests, without adding the thinking and imagination of consciousness. Consciousness is solely responsible for directing manas toward the breath and nothing else; do not engage in unnecessary thoughts or actions. How does consciousness direct manas toward the breath? Consciousness simply fixes its attention on the breath, watching it without employing language, words, or internal monologue. At this point, manas cannot command consciousness, and it becomes unable to grasp at other phenomena, so it can only follow the focus of consciousness to observe the breath.

While observing the breath, consciousness perceives the in-and-out, long-and-short, and other characteristics of the breath without any processing. Manas gradually abandons all other conditions and, together with consciousness, concentrates solely on observing the breath, perceiving the state of the breath in each present moment. This gradually becomes habitual, almost automatic, so that whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down, one continues to observe the breath. Forming this habit is crucial. Once the habit is established, it becomes the master. Over time, when conditions ripen, one will discover the true nature of the breath, the emptiness of the physical body, and the truth of non-self. The observation of all other phenomena follows the same principle: rein in the wild horse of manas, keeping it constantly present and focused. When the mind becomes as fine as a hair, the truth is revealed. If manas is not restrained, it becomes restless like a monkey, attention scatters, wisdom does not arise, and one cannot discover the truth, drifting endlessly in the stream of birth and death.

The Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta is exceptionally profound. Its practice method is applicable to both Mahayana and Hinayana traditions. The essential approach is to observe honestly and realistically, without entertaining other thoughts or processing. Consciousness guides manas, while manas restrains the deluded thoughts of consciousness. Working together, they realize that the five aggregates are without self. This practice gate (door) leads to the contemplative practice and realization of all dharmas, and it connects with the practice of future generations. When encountering the Buddha Dharma in the future, one will automatically engage in this contemplative practice, making realization easier. The method of contemplative practice taught in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta, which is the method for training manas, guides and restrains manas, cultivating the habit of contemplative practice. Subsequently, realization will naturally follow, as if effortless action (anābhoga-caryā) has been attained, spontaneously and naturally, inevitably opening wisdom.